ABSTRACT
Se presenta la contribución del "Programa Habilidades para la Vida" a las prácticas de prevención de salud mental adolescente en escuelas de Chile. Se evalúa la intervención preventiva del programa, en particular observando si adolescentes que asistieron al taller preventivo (N = 212) muestran cambio en las variables desadaptación escolar (DE) y disfunción psicosocial (DP), según su asistencia y la de sus padres. El diseño fue expost facto, longitudinal prospectivo, con mediciones pre y post. El análisis consideró ANOVA de medidas repetidas y pruebas t para muestras relacionadas. Los resultados indican disminución en algunos factores de riesgo asociados a DE y la estabilidad de la DP de los adolescentes. Se discuten las implicancias de este estudio para la ciencia preventiva y las políticas públicas.
This paper shows the contribution of "Skills for Life Program" to prevention practices adolescent mental health in schools in Chile. Study included a sample of adolescents (N = 212) who participated in the preventive intervention of the program. The goal was to examine changes in variables of school maladjustment (SM) and psychosocial dysfunction (PD) based on their attendance and their parents to the preventive intervention. Design was ex-post-facto, longitudinal prospective, pre and post measurements. Analysis considered repeated measures ANOVA and t tests for related samples. Results indicate a decrease in risk factors associated with SM and PD stability of adolescents. Study implications will be discussed for preventive science and public policy.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Mental Health , ChileABSTRACT
Background: Bullying has a negative impact on the perception of adolescents of their quality of life. Aim: To analyze the association between being bullied and health related quality of life in Chilean adolescents. Material and Methods: The bullying module of the KIDSCREEN 52 survey and the KIDSCREEN 10 survey to assess health related quality of life were applied to 7737 students aged 10 to 18 years. Social and demographic data, information about disability and type of school were also gathered. Results: Fifteen percent of surveyed students were bullied. A lower quality of life perception increased by a factor of 2.6 among bullied students. It also increased by a factor of 4.4 among students with a low self-esteem, by a factor of 3.1 among those who perceived their health status as regular or bad and by a factor of 1.4 among women. Conclusions: Bullying is associated with a lower quality of life perception among Chilean students.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Bullying , Quality of Life/psychology , Students/psychology , Bullying/statistics & numerical data , Chile , Schools , Self Concept , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Objetivo. Relacionar la morbilidad percibida de adolescentes chilenos con su calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. (CVRS). Método. Análisis comparativo en adolescentes chilenos con y sin morbilidad percibida, según la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades (CIE10). Información obtenida a través de un estudio nacional, aplicando un cuestionario de medición de calidad de vida relacionada con salud (KIDSCREEN-52), adaptado culturalmente y validado en Chile en 2009. Se analizó por las variables de sexo, edad, tipo de establecimiento escolar y zonas del país. Se analizó las 10 dimensiones de calidad de vida del KIDSCREEN que se expresan como puntajes Rasch. Para el análisis de las diferencias de medias entre las variables se utilizó la prueba de Chi2 y t de Student. Se aplicó el software STATA 10.0 y SAS 9.1 Resultados. Se determina la morbilidad autopercibida a nivel nacional, la cual es más frecuente en mujeres, adolescentes menores, estudiantes de establecimientos escolares particulares y zona norte del país. El cuestionario demuestra que los puntajes Rasch más bajos de CVRS se alcanzan en adolescentes con morbilidad percibida. Conclusión. Las peores CVRS en adolescentes con morbilidad autopercibida , fue en mujeres, adolescentes mayores, del sector público de la educación y de la zona norte del país. La información es un aporte nuevo y útil para futuros programas de salud juveniles del sector público.
Objective. To correlate Chilean adolescents perceived morbidity with their Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). Method. Comparative analysis of Chilean adolescents with and without perceived morbidity classified according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD10). Information was collected through a national study, applying the KIDSCREEN-52 questionnaire, adapted culturally and validated in Chile in 2009. The ten quality life dimensions, expressed as Rasch points, were analyzed by sex, age, type of school and zones of the country. To analyze the mean differences between the variables, the Chi squared and Students t-test were used. The software used were STATA 10.0 and SAS 9. Results. The self perceived morbidity was assessed across the country and was more frequent in women, adolescents of younger age, students from private schools and from the north zone of the country. The lowest HRQoL Rasch points were determined in adolescents with perceived morbidity. Conclusion. The worst HRQoL in adolescents was found in those with self perceived morbidity, women, higher adolescent age, students from public schools and from the north of the country. This finding is new and a useful contribution for future national public health programs concerning adolescents.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Female , Chronic Disease/psychology , Morbidity , Perception , Quality of Life , Chile , Disabled Persons/psychology , Self Concept , Self Report , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Psychiatric evaluation was performed in a sample of 99 children at 7 schools of West Santiago, representative of a cohort of 684 children attending first grade basic course during 1993, previously assesed by parents and teachers questionnaires. Syndromatic, psychosocial and dissability diagnosis was done according to ICD-10 criteria, using a semistructured interview. 24.2 percent of children had a syndromatic diagnosis, 53,4 percent a psychosocial diagnosis and disability was found in 17.2 percent. Disorder of Activity and Attention was the most frequent diagnosis, followed by Non Organic Enuresis and adaptation disorders. Children with a syndromatic diagnosis showed significantly more abnormal psychosocial situations and disability than children without diagnosis. 43.4 percent had 2 or more psychosocial diagnoses. 10 percent of the entire sample had a family member with mental disorder. Positive correlations were found between psychiatric diagnosis, high score on first stage questionnaires and need for behavioral evaluation percieved by teachers in boys and girsl. Results are compared with chilean and international literature, and ICD-10 criteria are discussed
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis , Enuresis/diagnosis , Intellectual Disability/diagnosis , Cohort Studies , Environment , Mental Health , Parent-Child Relations , Parents , Psychosocial Deprivation , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
La familia con padre ausente, con un miembro enfermo mental o que no participa en organizaciones locales, presentan con mayor frecuencia niños con conductas desadaptativas en las escuelas
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Family , Child Behavior Disorders/psychology , Adjustment Disorders/etiology , Schools , Social Adjustment , Social Support , Sex Factors , Family Leave , Adaptation, Psychological , Child AbuseABSTRACT
Se informa la evaluación de conductas desadaptativas de 595 niños de 1º básico de 7 escuelas del Area Occidente de Santiago, mediante cuestionarios aplicados a profesores y padres, previamente validados en Chile. Se obtienen puntajes en áreas conductuales de riesgo o sin riesgo en el cuestionario de profesores, además de puntaje total en el cuestionario de padres. Se comparan los resultados obtenidos en esta muestra con los de autores extranjeros. Se comentan las implicancias para el seguimiento planificado y futuros programas de salud mental en la escuela